Causes and Treatment Methods of Allergic Rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is a widespread condition affecting many people - it is one of the most common chronic diseases that affects both children and adults.

Globally, this condition affects approximately 10-30% of the population. Its prevalence increases significantly in urban areas where exposure to various chemical pollutants, both indoors (such as mold) and outdoors (like pollen), is higher.

Despite its high prevalence and impact on quality of life due to its chronic nature and symptoms, allergic rhinitis is often underdiagnosed and undertreated.

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory condition of the inner lining of the nose triggered by allergic factors. It is an immune system hyperreaction to allergens - substances that are harmless to most people but provoke a strong response in allergic individuals.

The most common allergens causing allergic rhinitis include:

• Pollen grains;

• Mold spores;

• Animal dander and fur;

• Dust mites, cockroaches, and other insects;

• Chemicals like perfumes, cosmetics, and others.

Seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis present similar symptoms - itching, sneezing, nasal congestion, and can occur throughout the year.

Individuals working in various industries or environments, such as agriculture or healthcare, may have a higher risk of developing allergic rhinitis due to repeated exposure to allergens like pollen, latex, or medications. This type of allergic rhinitis is considered occupational.

These are the primary symptoms of allergic rhinitis, and individuals may experience significant impairment in their daily lives due to nasal symptoms, ear problems, and other related conditions.

Trigger Mechanism:

When a person with allergies inhales an allergen, their body mistakenly perceives it as a threat. In response, the immune system releases inflammatory mediators - including histamine- which lead to inflammation, exudation, and consequently swelling; irritation of nerve endings - causing itching and pain; bronchospasm; and other symptoms.

Diagnosis:

The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is complex and includes: Medical history collection – identifying the duration of symptoms, their seasonality, and triggering factors.

Physical examination

• Skin tests (prick test) – small amounts of potential allergens are introduced into the nasal cavity and the skin’s reaction is observed over 15–20 minutes;

• Blood test for IgE antibodies – indicates the presence of an allergic reaction;

• In some cases, rhinoscopy or X-ray examination of the paranasal sinuses may be needed to rule out other conditions;

Differential Diagnosis:

Chronic allergic rhinitis should be differentiated from vasomotor rhinitis, as these conditions present with similar clinical symptoms. It is also essential to distinguish allergic rhinitis from upper respiratory tract infections, anatomical defects, or pathologies caused by prolonged use of vasoconstrictive nasal sprays.

Prevention:

The most effective preventive measure for allergic rhinitis is eliminating the main source of the allergy:

• Regular cleaning of the home;

• Use of air filters;

• Limiting contact with animals;

• Using anti-dust textile covers in bedding;

• Keeping windows closed during dusty weather in allergy seasons;

• Changing clothes and showering after being outdoors;

• Wearing sunglasses and face masks during allergy seasons.

Medication Therapy:

Treatments used for allergic rhinitis include:

• Antihistamines – effectively reduce itching, runny nose, and sneezing;

• Local corticosteroids (nasal sprays) – are effective against inflammation;

• Decongestants – nasal sprays or tablets used for short-term relief;

• Leukotriene receptor antagonists – sometimes used for added effect;

• Specific immunotherapy (SIT) – this method involves gradually “training” the patient’s body to tolerate small doses of the allergen over time. It is particularly effective for seasonal allergic rhinitis and can significantly reduce or even eliminate symptoms.

Untreated allergic rhinitis can progress into bronchial asthma, sinusitis, or middle ear inflammation-especially in children.

Allergic Rhinitis in Children:

Distinguishing between allergic rhinitis and a cold is especially difficult in young children. Children may become more irritable, fussy, and may have difficulty breathing through the nose and falling asleep. It can lead to complications such as asthma or middle ear infections. Therefore, early diagnosis and proper management are extremely important in children.

When treating allergic rhinitis, one of the most effective antihistamines is Suprastin. It is a proven and reliable ally in the fight against allergies.

Suprastin blocks histamine H1 receptors, gradually reducing and quickly eliminating the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

Suprastin Stands Out With:

Fast Action:

Persistent runny nose, itching in the nose and eyes, tearing, and sneezing are very bothersome symptoms. They significantly reduce quality of life and productivity. In such cases, the speed of action of an antihistamine is crucial. Suprastin starts working within 15–30 minutes after intake, making it one of the fastest-acting antihistamines.

Drying of Mucous Membranes:

One of Suprastin's effects is the drying of mucous membranes, which helps manage allergic rhinitis effectively.

Approved for Use from a Young Age:

Suprastin is approved for use in children as young as 1 month old.

Long-Standing Experience:

Suprastin is a time-tested and clinically studied medication. It is a well-researched molecule with numerous clinical trials supporting its safety and effectiveness.

What Other Cases Is Suprastin Used?

Suprastin is available over the counter and is indicated for use in:

• Urticaria (hives);

• Seasonal allergic rhinitis;

• Contact dermatitis;

• Allergic conjunctivitis;

• Food and drug allergies;

• Allergic reactions to insect bites;

• Itching;

Suprastin’s powerful and effective action ensures quick relief of symptoms and restores comfort.

Improved quality of life, prevention of chronic complications, and symptom control - all of this is achievable with timely and appropriate treatment.